500 Marine Paleoecology (3, 2 years, Sp) Principles of marine paleoecology; interrelationships between marine organisms and their environment in geologic time. Prerequisite: GEOL 333L; recommended preparation: GEOL 577L.

501 Paleobiology (3, Fa) Concepts and methods for functional morphologic analysis of fossil marine invertebrates. Systematics theory and methodology, macroevolution, and broad biotic trends in the Phanerozoic. Recommended preparation: GEOL 333L.

510L Advanced Stratigraphic Field Methods (3) Stratigraphic field methods and computer-assisted data analysis. Field trips incorporating vertical and lateral facies analysis; collection of paleocurrent, fabric, paleomagnetic, photogeologic and compaction data. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 2 hours; field trips. Prerequisite: GEOL 320L.

511L Depositional Systems (3) Analysis of depositional systems, including conceptual methods of lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, and paleoecology; description of major depositional environments. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.

512 Introduction to Chemical and Physical Oceanography (3, Fa) (Enroll in OS 512)

514 Marine Geology (3, Fa) Origin and characteristics of ocean basins; marine sedimentary environments; shoreline classification and character; evolution of oceanic features. Lecture, 3 hours; research conference, 1 hour.

520 Ichnology (3, 2 years, Fa) Ancient and recent borings and bioturbation structures and their utilization in stratigraphic, paleoenvironmental, paleoecological, sedimentological, and geochemical studies. Recommended preparation: GEOL 320L and GEOL 333L.

530 Plate Interactions: Geophysical Aspects (3, 2 years, Sp) Survey of literature on geophysical aspects of plate interaction including thermal and mechanical structure of plates, driving mechanism, mantle convection, and tectonic stress.

531 Plate Interactions: Geological Aspects (3, 2 years, Sp) Principles and geometrics of plate tectonics; geologic characteristics of modern plate boundaries of divergent, convergent, transform type; ocean basin and orogen development from worldwide examples. Field trip.

532 Advanced Geologic Mapping (3, Fa) Principles of mapping geologically complex terranes of different structural style. Fieldwork will be coordinated with seminar review of diverse structural phenomena. Field trips. Recommended preparation: GEOL 321L, GEOL 465.

533 Structural Evolution of Arcs (3, 2 years, Fa) Examination of the physical characteristics of arcs, particularly structural behavior at different crustal levels. Structural and thermal evolution of magma-country rock systems including pluton emplacement processes. Field trip. Recommended preparation: GEOL 215bL, GEOL 321L.

535L Microstructures and Deformation Mechanisms (3, 2 years, Fa) Examination of deformation mechanisms and resulting microstructures in rocks; chemical and textural equilibrium; physical and chemical processes during fluid flow; prophyroblast-matrix relationships; interpretation of kinematic indicators. Laboratory. Prerequisite: GEOL 321L.

536 Principles of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (3, 2 years, Sp) Historic geomagnetic field behavior, secular variation, rock magnetism, paleomagnetic techniques, magnetic polarity time scale, apparent-polar-wander paths, and applications to stratigraphic and geotectonic studies. Recommended preparation: GEOL 440.

537 Rock Mechanics (3, 2 years, Sp) Elasticity, fracture, and flow properties of rocks and minerals; effects of temperature, pressure, petrology, fractures, and interstitial fluids. Experimental techniques and geological applications.

538 Tectonic Evolution of Western North America (3, 2 years, Sp) Geosynclinal and orogenic development of western North America from the Precambrian to present, in the light of plate tectonics concepts. Field trips. Recommended preparation: GEOL 321L.

540 Geodynamics (3, 2 years, Fa) Applications of continuum physics to geological problems; fundamental physical processes necessary for an understanding of plate tectonics; quantitative analyses of geological problems stressed. Recommended preparation: GEOL 440.

542 Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages (3) Reconstruction of climatic variability; development of late Cenozoic global glacial/interglacial cycles; marine and terrestrial climatic histories; driving mechanisms of climatic change.

545 Glacial Geology and Photogeology (3) Glacial flow, sedimentation, and landforms; glacial reconstructions and climatic interpretations; glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine sedimentation; quaternary shorelines; periglacial landforms; aerial photographic interpretation; radar and satellite imagery.

546 Reflection Seismology (3, 2 years, Fa) Basic theory, field data acquisition, data processing, methods of inversion, and geological interpretations, using seismic reflection methodology. Recommended preparation: GEOL 440 or GEOL 551.

550 Chemical Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Geology (3, 2 years, Sp) Phase equilibria; phase diagrams; thermodynamics of aqueous and solid solutions; irreversible thermodynamics; kinetics, diffusion, and metasomatism, with applications to problems in petrology and geochemistry. Prerequisite: GEOL 460L.

551 Introduction to Seismology (3, 2 years, Fa) Basic elements of seismology for the study of the earthÕs interior and the tectonic process, utilizing observations of seismic waves.

552 Advanced Seismology (3) Advanced methods of theoretical seismology for studying the generation of seismic waves from natural and artificial sources and the propagation through realistic earth models. Prerequisite: GEOL 551.

555 Paleoceanography (3) Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleoceanography; analytical approaches applied to water mass history, paleocirculation, paleoproductivity, nutrient cycling, and paleotemperature reconstruction. Lecture, readings, and research project. Recommended preparation: GEOL 412 or GEOL 512 and GEOL 460L.

560 Marine Geochemistry (3, 2 years, Sp) Principles of chemical sedimentology and aquatic chemistry; diagenesis, authigenesis, and the geochemical cycle. Prerequisite: GEOL 460L.

563 Exchange Processes in the Ocean (3, 2 years, Sp) Equations of motion; abyssal circulation; application of stable and radioactive isotopes to oceanographic problems; air-sea and sediment-water interactions. Recommended preparation: GEOL 412 or GEOL 512.

564 Isotope Geochemistry (3, 2 years, Sp) Variations in the isotopic composition of elements in the earth's crust with applications to geological problems, including geochronology, geothermometry, ore genesis, and crustal evolution.

565 Dynamical Oceanography (3, 2 years, Sp) Introduction to physical oceanography to include atmospheric circulation, wind-driven, and thermobaline ocean circulation. Recommended preparation: PHYS 135bL and MATH 126.

566 Geochemistry Seminar (1-4) Current topics in geochemistry.

567 Stable Isotope Geochemistry (3) Theoretical basis; nuclide nomenclature, partition function ratios, mechanisms and rates of isotope exchange; mass spectrometry and extraction techniques; applications to stable isotopes to geologic problems.

568L Metamorphic Petrology (3, 2 years, Fa) An introduction to advanced study of metamorphic mineral assemblages with use of experimental and field data. Lecture, 2-4 hours; laboratory to be arranged.

569L Igneous Petrology (3, 2 years, Fa) Study of igneous and meta-igneous rocks from the basis of experimental and field data and theoretical considerations. Lecture, 2-4 hours, laboratory to be arranged.

570 Thermobarometry (3, 2 years, Fa) Derivation of temperature, pressure, and other intensive properties from igneous and metamorphic mineral data and assemblages. Theoretical aspects of phase equilibria and basis for extrapolation of experimental data and empirical calibrations. Lecture, 3 hours; practical exercises.

571abL Sedimentary Petrology (a: 3, Fa; b: 3, Sp) Petrography, classification, and genesis of major sedimentary rock types. Recognition and significance of ancient and modern sedimentary environments. a: Carbonates and evaporites. b: Terrigeneous clastics and others. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.

572L Statistical Analysis of Geologic Data (3) Theory and use of statistical and probabilistic procedures for the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of geologic data. Introduction of mathematical models and digital computing. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours. Recommended preparation: MATH 125.

577L Micropaleontology (3, 2 years, Fa) Microscopic fossils, especially foraminifera, their classification, the common genera, morphology, evolutionary trends; laboratory and field techniques. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory and field work, 6 hours. Recommended preparation: GEOL 333L.

580 Computer Applications in the Earth Sciences (3) Numerical methods and algorithm development for applications in the earth sciences. Lecture topics include modeling studies, statistics, and time series analysis. Lab topics include computer operating systems, networking, hardware, and special software packages. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.

590 Directed Research (1-12) Research leading to the master's degree. Maximum units which may be applied to the degree to be determined by the department. Graded CR/NC.

594abz Master's Thesis (2-2-0) Credit on acceptance of thesis. Graded IP/CR/NC.

599 Special Topics (2-4, max 8, Irregular) Special topics in the earth sciences. Field trip required when appropriate to the topic. Prerequisite: departmental approval; second-year graduate standing normally required.

650 Recent Advances in Paleontology (3) Selected review of recent ideas in paleobiology, evolution, and paleoecology related to examining the current frontiers in paleontology.

790 Research (1-12) Research leading to the doctorate. Maximum units which may be applied to the degree to be determined by the department. Graded CR/NC.

794abcdz Doctoral Dissertation (2-2-2-2-0) Credit on acceptance of dissertation. Graded IP/CR/NC.

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